Writing a Letter

Letters have been one of the most important forms of communication for thousands of years. Even today, in a world of texts and emails, knowing how to write a clear, well-structured letter is a vital skill. There are two main types: informal letters (to friends and family) and formal letters (to schools, companies, or people you do not know).

An informal letter is friendly and relaxed, like a chat on paper. You can use everyday language, ask how the person is, and share your news. A formal letter is more serious and polite. You might write one to thank an author, apply for something, or report a problem, so the language is careful and respectful.

The greeting (also called the salutation) is how you begin. Formal letters begin with 'Dear Sir or Madam' (if you do not know the name) or 'Dear Mr/Ms' followed by the surname (if you do). Informal letters simply start with 'Dear' and the person's first name, such as 'Dear Grandad'.

The sign-off is how you end. Formal letters end with 'Yours sincerely' when you know the person's name, or 'Yours faithfully' when you do not. Informal letters end with warmer phrases like 'Best wishes', 'Love', or 'See you soon', followed by your name.

Whatever kind of letter you write, the body should be organised into clear paragraphs. The first paragraph introduces why you are writing. The middle paragraphs give your information or argument. The final paragraph wraps up — perhaps asking for a reply or thanking the reader. Planning these paragraphs before you start keeps your letter clear and polite.